Color Psychology

 

Color choice is important in brand identity systems because colors have psychological effects on humans and can trigger specific emotions and associations. For this reason, I included an entire section on brand identity and color choice in my Brand Aid book.

Here is some of the latest research on colors.

These meanings are often associated with these colors:

• Red: Love, passion, sex, lust, excitement, power, confidence, speed, aggression, intensity
• Pink: Soft, reserved, feminine
• Purple: Royalty, luxury, glamor, mystery, magic, spirituality, bravery
• Blue: Wisdom, hope, reason, peace, calming, relief, competence, dependability/reliability, trustworthiness, tranquility, loyalty, stability, high quality, corporate
• Green: Nature, growth, freshness, eco-friendly, harmony, contentment, good taste, health/wellness, money
• Turquoise: Creativity, self-expression, cleanliness, recharging the spirit, replenishing energy levels
• Yellow: Hope, joy, happiness, optimism, youth, inexpensive, low quality
• Orange: Warmth, kindness, joy, comfort, autumn, affordability
• White: Truth, purity, clean, fresh, simplicity, innocence
• Silver: Modern, high-tech
• Gray: Subtle, quiet, neutral, practical, balance
• Black: Mystery, cold, sadness, fear, elegance, expensive, powerful, professional
• Brown: Strength, stability

Blue is the preferred color by men and women throughout the world. Orange is the least favorite color.

Blue increases concentration and learning.

Blue is used in brand identity systems throughout the financial community because it evokes trustworthiness and security. 

Republicans are associated with red, while Democrats are associated with blue.

Red ties communicate power. 

Red is the most emotionally charged color. It reduces analytical thinking. 

Jewel tones are sophisticated. Primary colors are bolder, more simplistic and associated with children.

The most visible color is yellow.

Too much yellow can make people feel nauseous. 

The most legible of all color combinations are black on yellow and green on white, followed by red on white. It is no surprise that traffic signs use these color combinations.

Reds and oranges encourage diners to eat quickly and leave. Red also makes food more appealing and influences people to eat more. It is no coincidence that fast-food restaurants often use these colors.

Pink increases appetites and has been shown to calm prison inmates.

Blue and black suppress appetites. 

Color psychology associated with automobile choices:

• Red makes a bold statement and is chosen by people who want to stand out.
• Blue is chosen by those who value consistency, reliability and stability.
• Black connotes power and is chosen by those who want to be perceived as powerful and professional. This is the color most often chosen for luxury vehicles.
• People who choose silver tend to be forward-thinking and value technology. It can communicate sophistication and wealth.
• White represents purity, simplicity and cleanliness. It is chosen by people who like a fresh, timeless look.

I hope this blog post has shed some light on the importance of color choice in branding. 

Skill Sets Required of Marketers

 

One of the things that attracted me to marketing is its use of both the right-brain and the left-brain. Ideally, marketers have creative and analytical minds. Having said that, the two most important skills a marketer must possess is common sense and the ability to put him or herself in the shoes of the customer. That is, a marketer must possess deep insight into the motivations and behaviors of their brand's target customers.

But marketing is actually a broad label for a wide variety of different marketing tasks and skill sets. For instance, a marketer could be an expert in qualitative marketing research, quantitative marketing research, data analytics, SEO, graphic design, photography, videography, copywriting, social media marketing, corporate communication, media & public relations, trade marketing, brand strategy formulation, brand identity development, brand management, brand licensing, account management and more.

Here are some of the specific skill sets required for each marketing specialty:

• Qualitative Marketing Research: a deep understanding of customer motivations (including their hopes, fears, anxieties, beliefs, values, attitudes, habits and behaviors), projective research techniques, guided imagery, stimulus creation, emotional IQ, being able to read people well, group facilitation, understanding order biasing
• Quantitative Marketing Research: formal education in marketing research including advanced statistical techniques, survey design, an understanding of scaling, biasing, and the right type of question and analysis to be performed for each insight, use of data analytics tools (e.g. Google Analytics, Hotjar, SPSS, etc.), online survey platforms, data sampling company relationships
• Data Analytics: formal education in data analytics, programming languages (e.g. Python, R, SQL), data visualization tools (e.g. Tableau, Power BI), statistical analysis, data wrangling and cleaning, machine learning, outstanding analytical skills, attention to detail
• SEO: an understanding of search engine algorithms and ranking factors, critical thinking, content writing, AI programming, web coding, ability to use popular SEO tools (e.g. Google Analytics), content marketing
• Graphic Design: design principles, typography, UX and UI design, creativity, understanding color psychology, Pantone swatch book, graphic design tools (e.g. Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign and Dreamweaver, Canva, CoralDRAW Graphics Suite, etc.)
• Photography: lighting, focus, composition, the rule of thirds, symmetry, background, cropping, shutter speeds
• Videography: storytelling, technical skills in video production, cinematic composition and lighting, post-production/editing skills, familiarity with editing software, audio sensitivity, color grading and correction
• Copywriting: customer insight, storytelling, creative writing, understanding the brand's voice and unique value proposition
• Social Media Marketing: social media strategy development, content planning and creation, graphic design, video editing, analytics and reporting, community management, paid social media advertising, influencer marketing, creativity, adaptability, deep understanding of Meta platforms and Google tools, understanding of blogs and RSS feeds
• Corporate Communication: storytelling, identifying story angles, strong writing skills, relationships with publications and other media, strong listening skills, emotional, intelligence, curiosity, the ability to explain why
• Media & Public Relations: communication and writing, social media, research, creativity, interpersonal skills, relationships with media sources, being aware of societal and industry trends, ideating and executing proactive publicity (i.e. publicity stunts)
• Trade Marketing: ROI (return on investment), POS (point-of-sale) and shelf management, brand marketing, digital marketing, Nielsen, business development, conference and trade show marketing, product development, marketing mix, relationship management, co-op advertising
• Brand Strategy: active listening, marketing research, customer insight, consumer psychology, creative and conceptual thinking, communication, storytelling, strategic use of data analytics, collaborative skills, influencing, group facilitation, global and cultural awareness, competitive and business model strategy, leadership
• Brand Identity Development: understanding brand essence, promise, archetype, personality and voice, graphic design, typography, color psychology, understanding various logo uses, written communication, knowing how to balance consistency and flexibility in design, being able to craft brand identity guidelines [A comprehensive online course on brand identity and architecture]
• Brand Management: marketing research, consumer insights and analytics, strategic brand development, storytelling, financial/budget management, collaboration and influencing skills, strong interpersonal skills, verbal and written communication, emotional intelligence, assertiveness
• Brand Licensing: understanding the brand essence, promise, archetype, personality and voice, building a network of industry contacts, financial skills, negotiating skills, emotional intelligence, interpersonal skills, understanding IP (intellectual property)
• Account Management: understanding constituencies, client-service oriented, empathy, strong interpersonal and communication skills, time and project management, budgeting, calmness under pressure, influencing, "seeing the forest through the trees"
• Chief Marketing Officer: Posts about CMOs - What to Look for in a CMO, What a Chief Marketing Officer Needs to Know, The Changing Role of the CMO

These skills are common to many of these different marketing roles: customer insight, understanding the brand's essence, promise, archetype, personality and voice, communication, storytelling, creativity and analytical skills. Marketing is one of the few professions that typically requires a combination of right-brain and left-brain skills. If you are considering a career in marketing, perhaps this list of required skills will help. And if you are trying to hire a marketer, this will help you to understand the type of marketer you might want and what skill set they should possess. I wish you great success in all of your marketing endeavors. 

PS - As a bonus, here is my blog post on Eight Skills of a Marketing Rock Star

 

Marketing Trends 2025 - My Predictions

What marketing strategies and tactics are likely to emerge or extend into 2025? Here are my predictions:

• Focus on building brand awareness - awareness is the cornerstone of all marketing
• Proactive publicity as an inexpensive source of brand awareness building
• Values-driven messaging
• Tribal branding - values-based community building
• Sustainability
• Emphasizing product and service quality over quantity
• Content marketing, focusing on high quality value-added content
• Using AI for content creation and data analytics
• User-generated content (endorsing the brand)
• Co-creation of the brand with customers
• Short-form videos
• Podcasts
• Blogs
• Hyper-personalization
• Marketing automation
• Thought leadership
• Case studies (B2B marketing)
• Infographics
• Employees as influencers
• Use of more micro-influencers
• Social media platforms used as commerce platforms
• Increased use of Meta platforms
• Experiential brand activations - comprehensive customer touchpoint design
• SEO (especially preparing for generative AI)
• Use of humor in marketing communications

Brand Aid - An All-Time Best-Selling Brand Book

First published by AMACOM in 2003, the hardcover English version of Brand Aid has sold more than twenty thousand copies in the USA, making it a best-selling business book. The book has been translated into Japanese, Korean and Russian. Other versions of the book have been published under the titles The Brand Management Checklist in the UK and Branding in India. Paperback, digital and audio versions of the book are also available. Brand Aid is currently distributed by Harper-Collins. The book is used to teach brand management and marketing at many business schools throughout the world.

The book is available at Amazon and Barnes & Noble.

Startup Insights

Many of you may know that in addition to my brand strategy consulting I am a new venture coach. I have been coaching pre-seed to series A startups for over three years now, during which I have coached two dozen companies with a very high success rate. Many of these companies have reached the commercialization stage in which they have achieved rapidly growing profitable sales. Here are some of my thoughts from working with startups. 

Entrepreneurship adds value to the world in these ways:

• Introduces new products and services

• Creates jobs and economic growth

• Empowers entrepreneurs to pursue their passions

• Creates wealth for the entrepreneur and his or her investors and employees

• Can address social issues

• Can advance technology, which can be used in other ways

These are the most common problems entrepreneurs encounter:

•  Not offering the right “unique value proposition,” that is, something that people really want that is different in meaningful ways from what is already available

•  Not doing enough “customer discovery,” that is, understanding customer needs and desires

•  Founder is too focused on product development vs. business development, especially when it is time to switch from one to the other

•  Lots of uncertainty and risk and need to change course or “pivot”

•  Access to funding/$

•  Hiring the right employees and not being afraid of firing those who don’t work out

•  “Scaling”/growing the business, especially anticipating increased cash flow and customer service demands

•  Knowing when to hire a professional CEO who can take the company to the next level – knowing when the leadership role has exceeded the founder's talents and abilities and being willing to give up personal control

Power Tool Branding and Color

Back in May of 2018, I wrote a post entitled "Identifying Riding Lawn Mower Brands by Color." It has become one of this blog's most popular posts. Today, I am following up on that post with a short post on power tool branding. Even more so than riding lawn mowers, power tool brands can be easily identified by color. Anyone who works in the construction industry can immediately tell which brand of power tool someone is using by the color alone. 

Below are pictures I took of power tool brands as they are displayed in a Home Depot store. 

In some product categories, color plays a dominant role in brand identification. Notice how the retail signage reinforces each brand's principal color.